Extraction and Characterisation of Bio-Oil from Common Selected Biomass in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2026.v3i5.317Keywords:
Agricultural residues, Corn-Cob, Rice-Husk, Neem Seed, Bio-productsAbstract
Agricultural residues, and plant oils sourced from various origins, can be used for the production of value-added bio-products and provide alternatives for integrated pest management approaches among other applications. However, there is limited comparative information on physicochemical or functional properties of oils from lignocellulosic and lipid-rich biomass. This study extracted and characterized oils from rice husk, corn cob and neem seed collected in Minna Niger State, Nigeria with focus on physicochemical traits and functional group composition. Rice-husk, corn-cob and neem seed oils had densities of 1.02, 1.16 and 0.91 g mL−1 and pH values of 2.80, 2.24 and 5.87 respectively while moisture contents (MC) were 23.70, 39.70 and 1.10% and acid values (AV) of 118.3, 143.0 and 4.48 mg KOH g−1, respectively. Neem seed oil had the highest yield of 41.25% followed by corn-cob (26%) and rice-husk (20%). Functional group analysis by FTIR showed that lignocellulosic bio-oils had oxygenated and hydroxyl groups while neem oil had more lipid and ester groups. The study established differences in the chemical make-up of the oils based on source material and extraction approach. Neem seed oil has potential as a lipid-rich product while rice-husk and corn-cob oils appear to have more acidic and oxygenated constituents. The findings could help promote the use of local resources for production of bioproducts and bioenergy but requires further chemical characterization and assessment of end-use applications such as biopesticides and biodiesels.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai, Mohammed Mohammed Abdullahi, Simon Olonkwoh Salihu, Saheed Mustapha, Jimoh Oladejo Tijani, Ambali Saka Abdulkareem, Muhammad Muhammad Ndamitso, Labake Ajoke Fadipe, Rasheed Olakitan Oyewale (Author)
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