Impact of Aspergillus spp. lipase to Influence Histological and Biochemical Deviations in Female Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2026.v3i5.301Keywords:
Aspergillus Niger, Lipase, Rats, Glutathione (GSH), HistologicalAbstract
Fungal lipases, including those produced by Aspergillus niger, are widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and food applications due to their catalytic efficiency, yet their potential toxicological effects on biological systems remain poorly understood. Given increasing exposure to these enzymes, evaluating their biochemical and histopathological consequences is essential for assessing safety risks. This paper analyses the biochemical and histological impacts of lipase from Aspergillus niger in female albino rats under laboratory conditions. Twenty adult female rats were separated into control and treated groups. The treatment groups received intraperitoneal injections of lipase at two concentrations over a three-week period. Biochemical parameters were assessed by measuring interleukins (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and oxidative stress indicators malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Liver tissues were examined histologically to identify structural changes. Findings revealed that interleukin levels in treated groups increased significantly, indicating activation of inflammatory processes. Elevated MDA reflected increased lipid peroxidation, while altered GSH levels indicated impaired antioxidant defense systems, together affirming oxidative stress caused by lipase exposure. Histological examination showed structural liver damage, including hepatocellular degeneration, central vein wall thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration, with more severe changes in the higher-dose group, indicating a dose-dependent effect. In conclusion, female rats exposed to Aspergillus niger lipase experienced significant biochemical imbalances and liver tissue damage. This study identifies fungal lipases as inducers of oxidative stress and inflammation contributing to enzyme-induced toxicity, providing a basis for further investigation into their role in disease development and toxicological mechanisms.
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