A Comprehensive Review of the Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Phytochemicals, and Therapeutic Potential of Jackfruit Seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): Implications for Functional Foods and Waste Valorization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2026.v3i3.177Keywords:
Jackfruit seeds, Nutritional composition, Bioactive compounds, Antioxidant activity, Functional foodsAbstract
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is widely cultivated in tropical regions, however, its seeds, which constitute up to 15% of the fruit’s total mass, are often discarded as waste. Despite this, jackfruit seeds are rich in macronutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins, essential minerals including potassium and magnesium, and a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and lectins. This review consolidates current knowledge on the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, therapeutic properties, and industrial applications of jackfruit seeds. Drawing on evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies, the review highlights their antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and prebiotic activities. Special emphasis is placed on their role in sustainable food systems through waste valorization and circular bioeconomy strategies. Although jackfruit seeds show significant promise as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals, challenges related to bioavailability, standardization, safety, and industrial scalability remain. Further research is required to fully harness their nutritional, therapeutic, and commercial potential.
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