Investigation of Groundwater Pollution: A Case Study of Potiskum, Yobe State

Abstract

In recent years, the increasing trend in health risks associated with water pollution in Yobe State has encourage researchers to investigate the source of the groundwater contamination. This research examined groundwater pollution in Yobe State, focusing on Potiskum as a case study. The study utilized Electrical Resistivity and Hydrochemical methods. The electrical resistivity survey identified two aquifers in the research area, which comprises a semi-confined aquifer and a confined aquifer. The semi-confined aquifer is the first aquifer in the research area, and its closeness to the surface facilitated the contamination of groundwater within the study area. The Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater samples in the area, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, indicated that the groundwater possesses trace metals at high concentrations. The spatial distribution of these trace metals in the groundwater indicated that their levels are greater in the southeastern quadrant of the research area due to heightened human activities and metal works in the region. The inconsistent amounts of trace metals like Chromium, Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, and Arsenic in the groundwater were thought to be contributing factors to the rising water-related risks within the area and Yobe State overall. To mitigate the escalating problem of drinking water contamination in the study area, effective waste management practices must be implemented to safeguard water resources from pollution caused by leachate from dumpsites. Affected boreholes and wells in the region should be sealed, while new ones should be drilled into second aquifer that is confined in the area. Most of the second aquifers in the research area are artesian and suitable for drinking water supply. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is advised that routine groundwater monitoring be promoted in the study area