Optimization of Input Parameters for Enhanced Production of Technetium-99 using the EXIFON Code
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2024.v1i1.2Keywords:
Excitation Function, 99mTc, EXIFON code, Technetium-99, ENDFAbstract
Radioisotopes are critical in nuclear medicine for both imaging and therapeutic applications. In this work, the optimization of input parameters for enhanced production of technetium-99 using the EXIFON code have been studied. The reaction 100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc was examined within an incident proton energy range of 0 - 40 MeV. The calculated excitation function for the reaction channel reached a peak value of 1003.7 mbat about 21.00 MeV incident energy. Results obtained from the EXIFON code were compared with evaluated nuclear cross-sections data (ENDF) and experimentally measured cross-sections data (EXFOR) from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nuclear database. Our findings show good agreement with the evaluated nuclear data and disagreement with the experimental data within the investigated energy range.
References
Adams C, Banks KP, (2023). ‘Kubler-Ross stages of dying and subsequent models of grief’, in StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430685/ (Accessed: 3 January 2024).
Agassi, D., Weidenmulter, H.A. & Mantzouranis, G. (1975). Generalized Exciton Model for the Description of Preequilibrium Processes. Phy. Rep. 22, 145.
Ahmad I, Yola, Y.I., Koki, F.S. (2017). Evaluation of Excitation Functions of Reactions Used in production of Some Medical Radioisotopes.International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, 6 (3), 290 – 303.
Ahmad I., Fatima Salman Koki, and Yahaya Ibrahim YolaYahaya (2019). Calculation of Reaction Cross-section of Proton-induced Nuclear Reactions on Iodine-127 Isotope. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11(1), 308 – 314.
Art, O. and Aytekin, H (2015). Calculations of Excitation Functions of Proton, Alpha and Deuteron Induced Reactions for Production of Medical Radioisotopes 122 – 125I.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 345, 1-8.
Chad-Umoren Y. F. and Ebiwonjumi, B. F. (2014). Determination of Nuclear Reaction Cross- sections for Neutron-Induced Reactions in Some Odd – A Nuclides. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, 32, 55-69.
Dauda A. (2011). Nuclear model calculation of excitation functions of Neutron induced reactions on the structural materials of the miniature neutron source reactor, M.Sc. thesis submitted to the postgraduate school, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Dauda, A., Jonah, S.A., Hassan, M and Muhammad, B.G. (2017). Nuclear model calculation of excitation functions of neutron induced reactions on the structural materials of the miniature neutron source reactor (Nigeria Research Reactor 1). World Scientific News 66, 86-96.
Feshbach, H., Kerman, A. & Koonin, S. E. (1980). The statistical theory of multi-step compound and direct reactions. Ann. of Phy, 125 (2) 429-476.
Green CH. ( 2012). Technetium-99m production issues in the United Kingdom. J Med Phys; 37(2):66-71.
Griffin, J. J. (1967). A Unique Classification of Nuclear States, Phy. Lett. 248, 5.
Hauser, W. and Feshback H. (1952). Inelastic scattering of neutrons, Physics Rev. 87, 366 –373.
Herman M., Capote R., Carlson B., Obložinský P., Sin M., Trkov A and Zerkin, V. (2007). EMPIRE: Nuclear Reaction Model Code System for Data Evaluation. Nuclear Data Sheets 108 (2007) 2655-2715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2007.11.003.
Ige O.O (2009), Nuclear Reaction Cross Section Evaluation from 0 to 20 MeV Using EXIFON2.0 Code, MSC Thesis, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, February 2009 Calculation of Cross section.
Jonah, S.A. (2018). Nuclear model calculation of excitation functions of neutron induced reactions on the structural materials of the miniature neutron source reactor (Nigeria Research Reactor 1). World Scientific News 66, 86-96.
Jonah S. A. (2004). Shell Structure Effect in Neutron Cross Section Calculation by Theoretical Model Code. Nigerian Journal of Physics 16 (2) 81-85.
Kalka H. (1991); Exifon- A Statistical Multistep Reaction Code Report, Technische University Dresden Germany.
Kalka H., Torgman, Lien H. N. Lopezs, Rand Seegler, D. (1990). Description of (n, p) and (n, 2n) Activation Cross Section for Medium Mass Nuclei within Statistical Multi Theory Z. Physics. Atomic Nuclei, 335, 163 – 171
Koning, A.J., Rochman, D. (2012). Modern nuclear data evaluation with the TALYS code system. Nucl. DataSheets, 113, 2841–2934.
Lamere, M. Couder, M. Beard, A. Simon, A. Simonetti, M. Skulski, G. Seymour, P. Huestis, K. Manukyan, Z. Meisel, L. Morales, M. Moran, S. Moylan, C. Seymour, Stech E. (2019). Proton-induced reactions on molybdenum, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.100.034614.
Muhammed, K., Onimisi, M.Y and Jonah, S.A. (2011). Investigation of the Shell Effect on Neutron Induced Cross Section of Actinides. Journal of Nuclear & Particle Physics, 1, 6-9.
Murata, T. (1997). Modification of EXIFON code and analysis of 16O+n reactions in En=20 50MeV.JAERI-Conf-- 97-005, Fukahori, Tokio (Ed.), Japan.
Papagiannopoulou D (2017). Technetium-99m radiochemistry for pharmaceutical applications. JLabelled CompRadiopharm;60(11):502-520.
Polster, D. and Kalka, H. (1991). Short Note Fission within a Statistical Multistep Model. ZeitschriftfürPhysika handbook of Hadrons & Nuclei, 424, 423-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01560648.
Rizk TH, Nagalli S (2023). StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Technetium 99m Sestamibi.
Takacs, A., Hermanne, Ditroi, F., Tarkanyi, F and Aikawa M. (2015), Reexamination of cross sections of the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 347 26–38.
Usman A. R., & Ahmad A. A. (2020). EVALUATION OF 67Ga CROSS SECTIONS USING EXIFON CODE FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 6(3), 113 - 118. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0603-987.
Uzunov NM, Melendez-Alafort L, Bello M, Cicoria G, Zagni F, De Nardo L, Selva A, Mou L,Rossi-Alvarez C, Pupillo G, Di Domenico G, Uccelli L, Boschi A, Groppi F, Salvini A, Taibi A, Duatti A, Martini P, Pasquali M, Loriggiola M, Marengo M, Strada L, Manenti S, Rosato A, Esposito J (2018). Radioisotopic purity and imaging properties of cyclotron-produced 99mTc using direct 100Mo(p,2n) reaction. Phys Med Biol;63(18):185021.
Joseph, E., Atsue, T. and Adams, S. (2018). Assessment of Radon-222 in Selected Water Sources at Dutsin-Ma Town, Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area, Katsina State, Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2018, 5(5):49-59. http://jsaer.com/download/vol-5-iss-5-2018/JSAER2018-05-05-49-59.pdf
Joseph, E., Nasiru, R., Sadiq, U., Ahmed, Y. A. (2015). Energy and Efficiency Calibrations for High Purity Germanium GEM30195 Coaxial Detector USING k0-IAEA Software. International Journal of Science and Research, Vol. 4, No. 8: 1055 – 1061, India. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Energy-and-Efficiency-Calibrations-for-High-Purity-Joseph/daac7ec450f31eb4134a93b3e70c6491ea3205be
Joseph, E. and Nasiru, R. (2013). Geometry Correction in Efficiency of a Sodium Iodide (Thallium Activated), NaI(Tl) Detector. Advances in Applied Science Research. 4(1):400-406. https://www.primescholars.com/articles/geometry-correction-in-efficiency-of-a-sodium-iodide-thallium-activatednaitl-detector.pdf
Adams, S., Joseph, E., & Kamal, G. (2022). Validation of Tritium Calibration Curve in CIEMAT/NIST Activity Measurement Using Non-Linear Least Squared Fittings and Calculations of the Half-Life and Decay Constant of Potassium-40. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.621
Joseph, E. and Adams, S. (2022). Determination of Specific Activity of 40K, Its Half-Life and Decay Constant Using Efficiency Tracing CIEMAT/NIST Method. Nigerian Journal of Physics. 31(1), 23 – 31.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Science Research and Reviews
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
